3,734 results found
Article
Abdominal radiography
Abdominal radiography can be useful in many settings. Before the advent of CT, it was a primary means of investigating gastrointestinal pathology and often allowed indirect evaluation of other abdominal viscera.
Indications
Although abdominal radiography has lower sensitivity and specificity t...
Article
Abdominal tuberculosis
Abdominal tuberculosis can manifest in almost every abdominopelvic organ:
gastrointestinal tuberculosis
esophageal tuberculosis
gastric tuberculosis
duodenal tuberculosis
jejunal and ileal tuberculosis
ileocecal tuberculosis
colorectal tuberculosis
tuberculous pe...
Article
Abdominal adhesions
Abdominal adhesions are bands of scar tissue (fibrous or fibrofatty), most often occurring as a complication of previous abdominal surgery.
Pathology
Adhesions often occur with
multiple abdominal operations or previous postoperative intra-abdominal complications
history of intra-abdominal infla...
Article
Abdominal aorta
The abdominal aorta (plural: aortas or aortae 4) is the main blood vessel in the abdominal cavity that transmits oxygenated blood from the thoracic cavity to the organs within the abdomen and to the lower limbs.
Summary
origin: continuation of descending thoracic aorta at T12
course: descend...
Article
Abdominal trauma
Abdominal trauma is usually divided into blunt and penetrating trauma.
Findings of abdominal trauma
haemoperitoneum
splenic trauma: most common
hepatic trauma
renal trauma
pancreatic trauma
gastrointestinal tract (bowel) trauma:
proximal jejunum is most commonly affected by blunt trauma,...
Article
Abdominal paracentesis
An abdominal paracentesis (plural: paracenteses), more commonly referred to as an ascitic tap, is a procedure that can be performed to collect peritoneal fluid for analysis or as a therapeutic intervention.
Indications
diagnostic: especially for newly-diagnosed ascites
determine etiology of a...
Article
Abdominal hernia
Abdominal hernias/herniae may be congenital or acquired and come with varying eponyms. They are distinguished primarily based on type, location and content.
Epidemiology
75-80% of all hernias are inguinal ref.
Pathology
Content of the hernia is variable, and may include:
small bowel loops
...
Article
Abdominal migraine
Abdominal migraine is a syndrome that presents as recurrent episodes of severe paroxysmal abdominal pain, coupled with vasomotor symptoms, nausea, and emesis that lasts for at least 1 hour 3. Historically it has tended to be a pediatric diagnosis, but it is now increasingly seen in adults. It is...
Article
Abdominal ultrasound
Abdominal ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique that evaluates the organs and structures in the abdomen, including the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, and abdominal aorta.
Normal ultrasound anatomy
On an ultrasound, the normal anatomy of the liver appears ...
Article
Abdominal cavity
The abdominal cavity is divided into two major compartments, the peritoneum and retroperitoneum, early in fetal development.
The parietal peritoneum is reflected over the peritoneal organs, forming supporting peritoneal ligaments, mesenteries, and omenta.
The peritoneal reflections carry vess...
Article
Abdominal opacities
An opacity projecting over the abdomen has a broad differential. Possibilities to consider include:
foreign bodies
ingested, e.g. coins, batteries, bones, etc
artifacts, e.g. object attached to the cloth of the patient like a safety pin or button
iatrogenic, e.g. hemostatic clips, gastric ba...
Article
Abdominal distension (mnemonic)
A mnemonic for causes of abdominal distension (6 Fs) is:
F: fat
F: fluid
F: flatus
F: feces
F: fetus
F: fulminant mass
Article
Abdominal wall injury
Abdominal wall injuries comprise a set of injuries of the abdominal wall and include different forms of muscle injuries, traumatic hernias and injuries to the subcutaneous tissue. They are often overshadowed by the attention to associated “more severe” abdominal visceral injuries.
Epidemiology...
Article
Abdominal compartment syndrome
Abdominal compartment syndrome is a disease defined by the presence of new end-organ dysfunction secondary to elevated intra-abdominal pressure. Radiological diagnosis is difficult and usually suggested when a collection of imaging findings are present in the appropriate clinical setting or if t...
Article
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible etiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management.
Terminology
A subgroup of patients with acute abdomina...
Article
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are focal dilatations of the abdominal aorta measuring 50% greater than the proximal normal segment or >3 cm in maximum diameter.
They can be confined to the abdominal aorta or continue from the thoracic aorta as part of a thoraco-abdominal aneurysm (TAAA).
The...
Article
Posterior abdominal wall
The posterior abdominal wall is a musculoskeletal structure with numerous vascular and lymphatic structures formed by the lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs, pelvic girdle, posterior abdominal wall muscles and their fascia. It supports the retroperitoneal viscera and neurovascular s...
Article
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are focal dilatations of the abdominal aorta that are 50% greater than the proximal normal segment or >3 cm in maximum diameter.
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more in o...
Article
Abdominal ectopic pregnancy
Abdominal ectopic pregnancies are an extremely rare type of ectopic pregnancy.
Epidemiology
They are thought to represent ~1% of all ectopic pregnancies 6 with an estimated incidence of 1:1000-10,000 births.
Pathology
It is often thought that they most frequently result from a tubal rupture ...
Article
Anterior abdominal wall
The anterior abdominal wall forms the anterior limit of the abdominal viscera and is defined superiorly by the xiphoid process of the sternum and costal cartilages and inferiorly by the iliac crest and pubic bones of the pelvis.
Gross anatomy
In general, the anterior abdominal wall has nine la...
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