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Administration
Administration in medical imaging refers to the administration of contrast agent (dye) or radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) into the body by injection, oral administration or by other route.
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Food and Drug Administration
https://www.fda.gov/default.htm (FDA) An agency of the US federal government established by Congress in 1912 and presently part of the US Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA gives classifications of medical devices according to potential risks and controls the safety of marketed drugs.
For more details please visit the FDA's 'Our Mission and Mandate'.

See also Class I II III Devices and Phase 1 2 3 4 Drug Trials.
Contact Information
MAIL
Food and Drug Administration
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, Maryland 20857
USA
PHONE
+1-888-463-6332 (see also under E-MAIL)
FAX
please visit the FDA FAX Directory
E-MAIL
ONLINE
State Food and Drug Administration
eng.sfda.gov.cn/eng (SFDA) The State Food and Drug Administration of the People's Republic of China was founded in November 2003 and is directly under the State Council. The State Food and Drug Administration is in charge of comprehensive supervision on the safety management of food, health food and cosmetics and is the competent authority of drug regulation. For drug or medical device registration please see the SFDA's Regulatory Guide.
The agency is China's equivalent of the US Food and Drug Administration.
Contact Information
MAIL
State Food and Drug Administration
A38, Beilishi Road
Beijing 100810
P.R. China
FAX
86-010-68310909
Contrast Media Injector
Contrast media injectors are part of the medical equipment used to deliver fluids in examinations such as CT, MRI, fluoroscopy and angiography. Many of these diagnostic imaging procedures include the administration of intravenous contrast agents to enhance the blood and perfusion in tissues.

Mainly there are two types of injector technology:
Piston-based systems use a plunger/piston to move a piston in the cylinder of a reservoir, which works in two directions to first fill the reservoir and then deliver the fluid from the reservoir to the patient, similar to a hand-held syringe.
Peristaltic-pump-based systems operate as rotary pumps that use rollers to compress sections of flexible tubing, drawing fluid directly from the supply source and delivering it to the patient.

See also Single-Head Contrast Media Injector, Dual-Head CT Power Injector, Syringeless CT Power Injector.

The use of x-ray contrast agents in computed tomography (CT) began with a hand injection by the radiologist in the scan room. During its history, CT scanners have made great improvements in speed and image quality. Actual CT systems with multiple detectors allow scan times of a few seconds per body region. Some CT protocols require multiphase scans, where a body region is imaged with a single bolus of contrast in different blood flow phases. Automatic power (pressure) contrast media injectors are required to provide precise control of flow rate, volume and timing of injection. The use of a saline bolus following contrast administration reduces the volume of contrast required.

Most relevant topics for the use of a power injector in medical imaging procedures such as contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT):
Avoidance of microbiologic contamination;
workflow efficiency in the use of the contrast media injector;
contrast cost and waste volume;
reimbursement.

Must have basic injector control options:
Flow rate with a usual range from 0.1 to 10 mL/sec in 0.1 mL/sec increments; some injectors can be set to inject in ml/min or ml/hour;
volume range from 1 mL to 200 mL for contrast and saline phases;
pressure limit typically programmable from 50 psi to 300 psi in 1 psi increments (also displayable in kPa and kg/cm²).

Examples of other injector control options:
Warmer/heater; an increase in temperature of the contrast medium results in a decrease in its viscosity; warmed contrast media are less viscous and offer lesser resistance;
pre-filled syringes; the compatibility with many selected syringes makes it easy to change and select the appropriate contrast medium for each patient;
injection reports accessible via RIS/PACS for dose management systems and records of prior injections.

Safety of Contrast Agents
Radiographic contrast media (RCM) contributes important information to the diagnostic process. Actual contrast agents are safe drugs. Adverse reactions are rare, the incidence and severity of side effects decrease with the use of nonionic and low-osmolar contrast media. Adverse reactions are diverse, ranging from mild physiological disturbances to very rare life-threatening anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions. Users of contrast agents must be aware of the risk factors and be prepared to promptly manage adverse effects.
Side effects that may occur with intravascular administration of contrast agents are also possible after administration by other paths. Increased risk to an adverse reaction includes patients with a history of a previous reaction to a contrast medium, a known sensitivity to iodine, or a known clinical hypersensitivity (bronchial asthma, hay fever, and food allergies).

See also Contrast-Induced Nephropathy, Iodide-Induced Hyperthyroidism and Idiosyncratic Reactions.
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