Scattered radiation is caused by interaction of the primary radiation with matter. The interaction with matter could cause a change in direction (scattering) and a reduction in energy.
From a radiation protection point of view, scattered radiation is assumed to come primarily from interactions of primary radiation with tissues of the patient.

Scattering refers to the reflection of radiation, electromagnetic or particulate, when interacting with matter. Scattering results in a loss of energy of the radiation.
Backscattering refers to a reflection of radiation in a direction generally greater than 90 degrees to that of the incident radiation.

(Sv) The sievert is the SI unit of a dose equivalent, which accounts for relative sensitivities of different tissues and organs exposed to radiation. The effective dose, usually measured in millisievert (mSv), attempts to reflect the biological effects of radiation. One sievert equals an ionizing x-ray or gamma radiation energy loss of 1 joule per kilogram of body tissue (1 gray). One sievert is equivalent to 100 rem.
It is named after Rolf Sievert, a Swedish medical physicist.

(TLD) A thermoluminescent dosimeter contains a crystalline material (lithium fluoride, phosphor) for measuring radiation dose. TLDs are usually small crystals measuring 3 mm square by 1 mm thickness. Additional filters (absorbers) help to characterize the types of the impinging radiation. When heated, TLD crystals that have been exposed to ionizing radiation give off light proportional to the received energy.

Transition is the nuclear change from one energy state to another, generally accompanied by the emission of particles or photons.

See Decay.