Radiology - Technology Information PortalThursday, 9 September 2010
Info
  Sheets

Out-
      side





 
 'Osmolality' 
SEARCH FOR   
 
  ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Result : Searchterm 'Osmolality' found in 1 term [] and 19 definitions []
1 - 5 (of 20)     next
Result Pages : [1]  [2 3 4]
 bottom
Searchterm 'Osmolality' was also found in the following service of Radiology-TIP.com: 
Resources  (2)  
 
Osmolality
 
Osmolality is the number of moles of osmotically active particles (molecules) present in solution per kilogram of water.
High osmolality of contrast agents is related to some of the adverse reactions.

Osmolality of iodinated contrast media:
point high-osmolar (until 1400 mOsm/kg) contrast agents (see ionic monomer);
point low-osmolar (780 to 800 mOsm/kg) contrast agents (see nonionic monomer);
point iso-osmolar (approximately 300 mOsm/kg) contrast agents (see nonionic dimer);
  Further Reading:
  Basics:
Imaging-related medications: a class overview(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
'Imaging-related medications (contrast agents) are commonly utilized to improve visualization of radiographic, computed tomography ...'
October 2007 by www.baylorhealth.edu    
Iodinated Contrast Media and Their Adverse Reactions*Open this link in a new window
'Cross-use of technology between nuclear medicine and radiology technologists is expanding. The growth of PET/CT and the ...'
Thursday, 15 May 2008 by tech.snmjournals.org    
  News & More:
MANUAL ON CONTRAST MEDIAOpen this link in a new window
'Version 6 of the Manual on Contrast Media was published in May, 2008 as a web-based product. Content changes may take place as a ...'
May 2008 by www.acr.org    
Ionic Monomer
 
The first-generation contrast agents were all ionic monomers, consisting of a tri-iodinated benzene ring with 2 organic side chains and a carboxyl group. Diatrizoate or iothalamate are common iodinated anions, conjugated with a cation, sodium or meglumine. The ionization at the carboxyl-cation bond makes the agent water soluble.
Ionic monomers have the highest osmolality (high-osmolar contrast media (HOCM) possess an osmolality seven to eight times higher than plasma) of the different groups of contrast agents (CM ratio=1.5) and the lowest viscosity. The osmolality in solutions of ionic monomers ranges from 600 to 2100 mOsm/kg (human plasma = 290 mOsm/kg). These high osmolality is related to some of the adverse reactions. HOCM's have been widely replaced by newer contrast agents with improved tolerability and safety profiles.
Examples of HOCM's are Renografin®-60, Hypaque™ and Conray®.
See also Ionic Contrast Agents.
  Further Reading:
  Basics:
Imaging-related medications: a class overview(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
'Imaging-related medications (contrast agents) are commonly utilized to improve visualization of radiographic, computed tomography ...'
October 2007 by www.baylorhealth.edu    
Searchterm 'Osmolality' was also found in the following service of Radiology-TIP.com: 
Resources  (2)  
 
Low-Osmolar Contrast Media
 
(LOCM) Low-osmolar contrast media have a wide range of indications due to their lower side effects. The type of contrast media is an important risk factor for an adverse reaction.
LOCM have not completely replaced contrast media with higher osmolality due to their higher cost. Guidelines of professional organizations give recommendations for the selective use of low-osmolar contrast media for certain high-risk patients.
There are ionic and nonionic iodinated contrast materials with low osmolality available:
point nonionic monomer;
point ionic dimer;
point nonionic dimer.

An adverse reaction occurs in low-risk patients who receive conventional ionic contrast agents more often than in high-risk patients who receive nonionic LOCM.
See also Contrast Enhancement, Biliary Contrast Agents, Safety of Contrast Agents and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy.
  Further Reading:
  Basics:
Imaging-related medications: a class overview(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
'Imaging-related medications (contrast agents) are commonly utilized to improve visualization of radiographic, computed tomography ...'
October 2007 by www.baylorhealth.edu    
 •• There are 2 news about 'Low-Osmolar Contrast Media'.
Nonionic Contrast Agents
 
Nonionic contrast agents are a group of contrast media that do not dissociate into charged particles. Many of the side effects of contrast agents are due to the injection of a solution with high osmolality compared to blood. Nonionic contrast agents have a low osmolality and tend to have less toxicity. However, as with all iodinated contrast agents, serious or fatal reactions have been associated with their use.
Due to their lower neurotoxicity, nonionic contrast agents can also be used for myelography. The only FDA approved agent, iodixanol, is iso-osmolar to blood, which makes it preferable for examinations of the central nervous system and cardiovascular studies. Because of its higher costs relative to other nonionic agents, the use is sometimes reserved for patients with high risk of nephrotoxicity.
See also Nonionic Dimer, Nonionic Monomer and CM Ratio.
  Further Reading:
  Basics:
Adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media. A report from the Japanese Committee on the Safety of Contrast Media.Open this link in a new window
by www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    
Imaging-related medications: a class overview(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
'Imaging-related medications (contrast agents) are commonly utilized to improve visualization of radiographic, computed tomography ...'
October 2007 by www.baylorhealth.edu    
  News & More:
Non-Ionic ReactionsOpen this link in a new window
by www.cem.msu.edu    
Searchterm 'Osmolality' was also found in the following service of Radiology-TIP.com: 
Resources  (2)  
 
Ultravist®
 
Ultravist® is an iodinated contrast agent with low osmolality and low viscosity, enabling ease of administration and rapid iodine delivery rate. Ultravist® is available in 4 concentrations. Introduced in Europe 1985 and in the US in 1995, Ultravist® is being used today in over 100 countries worldwide.
See also Low-Osmolar Contrast Media.

Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND Iopromide
DEVELOPER Bayer Schering Pharma AG
INDICATION Brain and body computed tomography, urography, angiography
APPLICATION Intravascular
PHARMACOKINETIC Renal excretion
CHEMICAL BOND Nonionic monomer
OSMOLALITY 483, 607, 774 mosm/kgH2O
IODINE CONCENTRATION 240, 300 an 370 mg/mL
DOSAGE Depending on the used concentration and imaging procedure
PREPARATION Ready-to-use product
STORAGE Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° - 30° Celsius (59 - 86° Fahrenheit), protect from light.
PRESENTATION 200 mL and 500 mL bottles
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
  Further Reading:
  Basics:
ULTRAVIST® PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE ULTRAVIST® Injection 150 mgI/mL ULTRAVIST® Injection 240 mgI/mL ULTRAVIST® Injection 300 mgI/mL ULTRAVIST® Injection 370 mgI/mL(.pdf)Open this link in a new window
by berlex.bayerhealthcare.com    
RadiocontrastOpen this link in a new window
'Radiocontrast agents (also simply contrast agents or contrast materials) are compounds used to improve the visibility of internal ...'
May 2007 by en.wikipedia.org    
Radiology Resources 
 pointNuclear Medicine pool    pointSupplies and Accessories    pointArtifacts    pointContinuing Medical Education (CME)    pointQuality Advice    pointReimbursement    
 
     1 - 5 (of 20)     next
Result Pages : [1]  [2 3 4]
 Random Page
 
Radiology-TIP
Community
User
Pass
Forgot your UserID/Password ?  

under construction

Look
      Ups




Radiology - Technology Information Portal
Member of SoftWays' Medical Imaging Group - MR-TIP • Radiology-TIP • US-TIP • The-Medical-Market
Copyright © 2008 - 2010 SoftWays. All rights reserved.
Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Advertising
 [last update: 2010-08-23 14:31:51]