Conversion of the analog signal to a series of digital values by measurement at a set of particular times; this utilizes the analog to digital converter. If the rate of sampling is less than twice the highest frequency in the signal, aliasing will occur. The duration of sampling determines how small a difference of frequencies can be separated.

See also Algorithm, Trigonometric Functions, Digitization, Exponential Functions, Imaginary Number, Logarithms, Point Spread Function.

The sampling rate is the number of samples taken per unit of time. In digital signal processing (Nyquist theory) it is necessary to sample twice as fast as the highest frequency component.

The basic unit of information.
Definition: The smallest unit of information in the storage on a computer. Eight bits are grouped together to form one byte, additional start and stop bit.
Larger units are
kilobyte (kB) = 1 000 bytes (computer storage 1024 bytes)
megabyte (MB) = 1 000 kB (computer storage 1024 kB)

See also Bit Range, Binary System, Decimation, Digitization, Sampling Rate and Picture Archiving and Communication System.

Trigonometric functions are mathematical functions of an angle. There are six basic trigonometric functions (sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cotangent (cot), secant (sec), cosecant (cosec)), commonly defined as ratios of two sides of a right triangle. Used in diagnostic imaging for Cartesian sampling, to describe radio frequency signals, etc.