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Searchterm 'Spin' found in 1 term [
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Spin
Spin is the angular momentum intrinsic to a body. Spin is an intrinsic property of every elementary particles related to angular momentum.
Myelography
A myelography is a radiographic imaging procedure to visualize the spinal canal, the spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), intervertebral disks and nerve roots. A special contrast agent (dye) is injected through a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal. A myelogram provides a very detailed picture of the spinal cord and spinal column. A fluoroscopy displays the bones and the fluid-filled space of the spine also in motion. An additional computerized tomography (CT or CAT) scan helps to differentiate the spinal conditions better. The indications include disc herniation, spinal stenosis, tumor, and vertebral fracture.

See also Myeloscintigraphy, Fluoroscopic System, Hounsfield Unit, Bone Densitometry, Nonionic Contrast Agents.
Boltzmann Distribution
When a group of spins is placed in a magnetic field, each spin aligns in one of the two possible orientations. The relative numbers of spins with different alignments will be given by the Boltzmann distribution.
Definition: if a system of particles, which are able to exchange energy in collisions is in thermal equilibrium, then the relative number (population) of particles, N1 and N2, in two particular energy levels with corresponding energies, E1 and E2, is given by N1/N2 = exp [-(E1 - E2)/kT ] where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature. For example, in NMR of protons at room temperature in a magnetic field of 0.25 tesla, the difference in relative numbers of spins aligned with the magnetic field and against the field is about one part in a million; the small excess of nuclei in the lower energy state is the basis of the net magnetization and the resonance phenomenon.
Bone Densitometry
Bone densitometry measures the strength and density of bones. Changes in trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) is an early indicator of change in metabolic function. Bone densitometry measures the amount of calcium in regions of the bones. A bone densitometer is used to determine the risk of developing osteoporosis and can also be used to estimate a patient's risk of fracture.
Bone densitometry methods involve:
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA - used to measure the spine, hip or total body);
single energy x-ray absorptiometry (SXA - measures the wrist or heel);
peripheral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (PDXA - used to measure the wrist, heel or finger bones);
osteo CT or quantitative computed tomography (QCT - used to measure the spine or hip);
dual photon absorptiometry (DPA - measures the spine, hip or total body);
single photon absorptiometry (SPA - measures the wrist);
ultrasound densitometry (measures the heel).

Dual energy x-rays (DEXA) or CT scans (Osteo CT or QCT) compare the numerical density of the bone (calculated from the image), with empirical data bases of bone density. DEXA is widely available and has an accuracy between those of QCT and ultrasound.
Isovist®
Isovist® is a nonionic x-ray contrast agent. Isovist® is suitable for intrathecal applications for example CT myelography, cisternography, the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and for use in other body cavities. Opacification is directly visible after administration of Iotrolan to the spinal subarachnoid space and various open body cavities. Isovist® flows with the CSF through the arachnoid villi into the venous blood.

Drug Information and Specification
NAME OF COMPOUND
Iotrolan
INDICATION
Computed tomography of body cavities and CSF
APPLICATION
Intrathecal, intracavitary
PHARMACOKINETIC
Renal excretion
CHEMICAL BOND
270 or 320 mosm/kgH2O
IODINE CONCENTRATION
240 or 300 mg/mL
5 - 15 mL/kg
PREPARATION
Ready-to-use product
STORAGE
Store below 30°Celsius (86°Fahrenheit)
PRESENTATION
10 and 20 mL vials
DO NOT RELY ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE, THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PACKAGE INSERT!
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 [last update: 2023-11-06 02:01:00]